Role of Social Media in Marketing among Small Business Free-Samples

Question: Examine about the Role of Social Media in Marketing among Small Business in Australia. Answer: Presentation Probably the best determinant of hierarchical achievement is the degree to which a business substance advances its items and administrations. The strength and width of the market for a specific item or administration to a great extent relies upon the level to which the customers associated to the association are educated about the current items and administrations (Mitchell, 2008). One critical part of limited time blend is the utilization of promoting and explicitly the different accessible online stages for showcasing. While most little associations for the most part depend on the utilization of visual media for example papers and announcements, TV and radio, the rise of innovation in many pieces of the world has raised the procedure of promotion to one more level (Nelson, 2007). For example, the ascent and utilization of versatile registering has urged most associations to utilize the utilization of online stages in promoting. Such roads incorporate the utilization of sites, email just as the web based life. The adequacy of a promoting system is connected to the degree to which the moved data arrives at the intended interest group. So as to showcase effectively, the special message should reach whatever number customers as could be expected under the circumstances. This progression doesn't just build the extent of the advertising methodology yet additionally goes far in growing the associations showcase base (Kotler, 2009). The utilization of online life in promoting has been a successful apparatus because of the way that most people approach these destinations because of the availabity of portable PCs. This paper traces the pretended by online life in improving advertising particularly among the independent companies in Australia. Concerning abstract sources on a similar point, the paper will talk about the reasons why most organizations in Australia are presently utilizing the online networking as one of their center advertising draws near. Writing Review: Role of Social Media in Marketing Dough puncher (2007) in Marketing technique and the board brings up that the adequacy of a showcasing apparatus is a key factor when a business association is choosing its limited time draws near. This article features different variables which merit looking at when as an association means to advance its items and administrations. As indicated by the creator, the cost ramifications include is another factor worth considering (Erdem, 2008). Simultaneously, the size of the intended interest group, the idea of the data being passed just as the course of events planned to be secured are different elements worth considering in picking a promotion as well. As a proficient methodology, the media used to transmit data to the collectors should take the most brief while to pass on the expected message. Moreover, the methodology utilized in showcasing should be savvy and consequently reasonable particularly for the independent companies. The creator features the different methodologies utilized by organizations in an offer to improve the advancement of their items and administrations. These incorporate the utilization TV, radio and other composed media. He anyway calls attention to the ubiquity of portable registering as one of the center explanations behind the utilization of web and online stages during the time spent advertising. The creator further notes that the utilization of telephones, tablets and PCs as IT instruments in promoting has offered a suitable stage through which educated can be passed to the customers through the online life. Bauer (2007) in the article Consumer conduct as hazard taking: Risk taking and data taking care of, brings up that the purchasers gathering to a given showcasing device decides if the association should grasp it for future endeavors or note. As per the creator, the web-based social networking could fundamentally be portrayed as the on the web, and for the most part casual, stages where different classifications of clients associate with each other to share their perspectives on specific parts of life. The writer gives the instances of Twitter, Facebook, Linked In and social structure programs as probably the most regularly utilized online social stages. During its development, the social average was fundamentally seen as a road for diversion. Nonetheless, the growing base of clients which keeps on raising as days pass by has given a decent chance to business associations. These roads have been utilized by the associations to do notices and advance their items. As verified by the crea tor, the social average has assumed an essential job in improving promoting particularly among the independent ventures particularly because of its availability and cost-viability. The ascent in innovation has made the essential gadgets accessible to most people in the general public; thusly, it is simpler for the business substances to arrive at their expected objective gatherings by facilitating the data on the online networking. This methodology is successful as most people are probably going to cooperate with this data. Yilmaz (2011) in Source attributes and publicizing viability talks about a portion of the perspectives which make a limited time instrument compelling. As supported by the creator, the rising utilization of innovation and fuse of data innovation into the administration of business associations has prompted the improvement in the nature of showcasing procedures. The creator calls attention to the rising acclaim of online stages as a decent substitution of the customary strategies in the past utilized by associations in advertising. The creator calls attention to the utilization of organization sites notwithstanding the utilization of web based life as a portion of the successful limited time approaches right now utilized by most private companies in Australia. The significant level of framework and accessibility of stable systems has empowered the private companies to collaborate with the two its representatives just as the customers. A great many people in the nation approach great c ell phones, iPads, PCs, internet providers just as great systems. Rather than the fairly costly physical methodologies of promoting, the accessibility of these assets has utilized online stages and the web-based social networking as the best other options. The creator similarly takes note of that the web based life has done a great deal in lessening the expense of ad for the private companies in Australia. Being moderately little in size, the organizations may come up short on the required assets to lead modern advertising draws near; the web based life has in this manner stayed a significant less expensive other option. Examination and Analysis of the articles Through a cautious investigation of the substance, the articles audited above were picked in an offer to improve the conversation of the picked subject. The articles were tested from a greater rundown of articles and were picked predominantly due to the consistency in the data contained in them. The main article does well in calling attention to a portion of the components worth considering before picking an advertising system (Aldrich, 2008). The creator at that point proceeds to talk about the reasons why most business associations right now utilize the web based life in the corporate world to upgrade their administration procedures. The progression of realities as showed by the writer makes the article simple to follow. Be that as it may, the work doesnt comprehensively handle the job that internet based life has played in advertising however does well in making the base which is along these lines investigated through different articles. The subsequent article is progressively sig nificant and the writer does well by starting the conversation with a concise review of the part of the utilization of internet based life in promoting. The basic language and game plan of thoughts through deliberately organized passages goes about as a significant bit of leeway of the article. Then again, the article is generally long which may make its a serious test particularly for perusers not pulled in to long messages. The creator additionally puts together his contentions with respect to discoveries from just chose regions in the nation which may not offer the specific image of web based life use in promoting. The third article is progressively illustrative as for the subject of conversation. The creator digs somewhere down in the part of internet based life and diagrams a portion of the reasons with regards to why most independent companies at present love it with regards to showcasing. The fundamental realities are clarified toward the start of each passage which makes it simple for the perusers to follow the topical stream. Notwithstanding being data, the writers use of casual language in certain areas of the content expels repetitiveness during perusing subsequently making the article all the more fascinating and similarly engaging. Then again, the article may not be engaging a more extensive crowd particularly the more seasoned age because of the writers decision of language as certain people lean toward an increasingly formal way to deal with correspondence (Homburg, 2009). Basically, every one of the articles are powerful in one manner or the other in upgrading the conversation of the fundamental point in center. Exploration Findings In light of the audit of writing notwithstanding the different methodologies used to acquire data as to the exploration subject, various viewpoints can be concluded. In any case, the online life has stayed essential in upgrading showcasing rehearses particularly among private ventures in Australia because of the way that it is financially savvy (Bettman, 2007). A portion of the private company substances for moment Aerosonde Ltd, Adam Energy and Ace Radio might be confronted with the test of lacking assets which limits their capacity to investigate other modern alternatives in advertising. The online networking, which is moderately modest, has consequently made advertising very reasonable particularly for the business associations which need enough assets (Beane, 2007). Besides, the online life has improved the extent of promoting. Business associations are in this way ready to arrive at a decent number of individuals with the data because of the availability of the promoting stages (Cox, 2007). The ascent in

What Is Premarital Sex Essay Example For Students

What Is Premarital Sex Essay During the twentieth century, pre-marriage sex has become a significant issue. Sexual restraint was the ordinary society way of life until the late 1950s. Most people would not have ever laid down with someone else without any father present. While this sexual restraint way of life was as a result, an attitude of freedom struck the immaturity of the United States. They felt as if they should take part in sexual action, just to challenge societys perspective on what was ethically right. The explanation sexual restraint is an issue today is on the grounds that numerous individuals guarantee pre-marriage sex isn't right. Individuals base their sentiments on what the Bible has said. At the point when the Bible is utilized to legitimize any methods for conduct, it generally turns into an ethical issue. The primary issue within reach is whether pre-marriage sex is delegated ethically right or wrong. The Catholic Church asserts that pre-marriage sex isn't right and shameless. Not exclusivel y does the Catholic Church accept this, so does about each other Christian confidence. In numerous different nations, pre-marriage sex isn't as tremendous of an issue for what it's worth here in the US. The reason for this is uncertain, however religion and culture appear to play into it to a great extent. During the 1990s, the instructing of restraint is starting to be executed into the government funded educational systems. The excitement for the simply state no methodology started with the G.O.P. Government assistance Reform Act, known as Title V. It appropriates fifty million dollars every year for a long time to programs that train youngsters to remain abstinent until marriage. Since the measure produced results two years prior, forty-eight states have chosen to take an interest. Of these forty-eight states, five states have gone above and beyond, necessitating that forbearance be the main projects instructed. California and New Hampshire are the main two expresses that have re stored their government awards, since they would avoid this program. A few schools in Minnesota have a double track sex instruction program. It is dependent upon the guardians to choose what they might want their youngsters to contemplate. There is a great deal of discussion about these projects in light of the fact that the issue of sexual forbearance is so dubious. Debra Hauser, Vice President of Advocates for Youth in Washington says, in the last couple years weve seen a gigantic increment in the quantity of government funded schools that are limiting the sum and kind of data instructors can give in the study hall. (Gardner, Christian Science Monitor, p. B1) School nurture Esther Splaine contends, Every year, twelve million American teenagers are explicitly dynamic. Almost one million youngsters become pregnant, and 3,000,000 agreement an explicitly transmitted malady. On through restraint will adolescents maintain a strategic distance from these and different issues identified w ith too soon sex. (Cultivator, Christian Science Monitor, p. B1) The biggest hindrance of this issue is that there is no accord on the idea of the emergency. What's more, there isn't a powerful answer for facilitating the predicament. While there are numerous projects, other than schools, that help this thought of restraint just educating, there are similarly the same number of that are contradicted. Most general wellbeing specialists have worry that these restraint no one but projects could fix years worth of progress in instruction concerning safe sex. Of the five expresses that hold the forbearance just strategy, examines have demonstrated that there was not a deferral in the beginning of sex. In another eleven examinations, results show that programs that joined restraint and prophylactic projects either postponed high schooler sexual movement, or decreased its recurrence. In another study led by Eric Tooley, of the 200 members in their second year of forbearance just classes, 60% have just lost their virginity, and ten of the young ladies are pregnant. (Morse; Hylton, Time, p. 79) This demonstrates the projects should be refined so as to be powerful. With new projects, for example, these, it is incredibly har d to instate them such that it benefits everybody. The Catholic Church feels as if it is ideal to spare sex until marriage. Numerous catholic chiefs anticipated the threat of easygoing sex, particularly with understudies. Pope John Paul II regularly stands up on the injuries that outcome from pre-marriage sex. As expressed in Crisis magazine the Pope claims, one of the results of expelling human sexuality from the setting of wedded love is a depersonalization of the human body. The body turns out to be simply an article for use, while the more extensive and more profound necessities of human poise and joy are disregarded. (Desmond, Crisis, p. 12) As the Pope keeps on lecturing these useful tidbits a dominant part of the alerts go unnoticed, in colleges and secondary schools the same. The Catholic Church sees explore done, and utilizes it to clarify what has turned out badly. Numerous specialists state that teenager sex is at a high because of what the media and business world put ou t. In numerous adolescent magazines, there are answers to practically any teenagers sexual inquiry. They utilize these magazines to help make sense of the specialized necessities of sexual intrigue and execution. The congregation likewise accepts that family breakdown, the pill, and a neo-Enlightenment confidence in the normal decency of youngsters debilitated parental determination to transmit virtues. These are by all account not the only reasons the congregation doesn't overlook sex before marriage. Numerous ministers and pastors seek the Bible for the appropriate responses with regards to why one ought to swear off pre-marriage sex. The Bible says in Acts 15:29 to the Gentiles, You are to keep away from the meat of choked creatures and from extramarital perversion. You will progress nicely in the event that you keep away from these things. In Hebrews 13:4 it states, Marriage ought to be respected by all, and the marriage bed kept unadulterated, for God will pass judgment on the philanderer and all the explicitly immoral.Not just does the holy book discuss remaining unadulterated in the New Testament, it is additionally talked about in the Old Testament, or the Hebrew Bible. In Genesis 2:24 it is expressed, For this explanation a man will leave his dad and mom and be joined to his better half and they will become one substance. The possibility of one tissue is the bond between a man and his significant other and the otherworldly and sexual bond that is framed. From these one can evaluate that one ought to stay unadulterated. The genuine feeling of the word unadulterated as characterized by Zondervan Study Bible seems to be, to be liberated from all pollute of that which is obscene. Contemporary lessons state that it is okay for submitted people to take an interest in sexual closeness, regardless of whether they are not hitched. This thought is in opposition to Gods lessons in the Bible. The Bible cases many occasions over that God disallows sexual relations with any individual who is certainly not a legal mate. The Protestant Church centers around these issues as the reasons not to participate in sexual action before marriage. There are numerous different countries that utilization different sources to characterize their terms of sexual profound quality, or need there of. In an examination done by the Journal of Sex Research an aggregate of 33,590 reactions were utilized to figure the mentality toward non-conjugal and high schooler sex issues. The examination found that pre-marriage sex is the most acknowledged of the four sorts of non-conjugal sex. About sixty-one percent of the twenty-four nations overviewed guarantee that pre-marriage sex is right. Forty-four percent of the Japanese case that pre-marriage sex isn't right just now and again, contrasted with the mean of fifteen percent over all the nations. In the vast majority of the nations contemplated, the acknowledgment of pre-marriage sex is more acknowledged with grown-ups ins tead of youngsters. Fifty-eight percent censure youthful adolescents engaging in sexual relations as never right. Bulgaria, New Zealand, Ireland, Northern Ireland, Philippines, Poland, and the US present the most minimal resistance for pre-marriage adolescent sex. Of these Nations, Ireland, Northern Ireland, Poland and the US, show a solid objection for a wide range of non-conjugal sex. These nations are for the most part predominately Christian. Sweden is the nation that is by all accounts the most tolerating to pre-marriage sex. As one ganders at the consequence of the survey, it is conceivable to see the acknowledgment of this issue. Commonly pre-marriage sex is likewise utilized as an approach to pronounce ones love for another. Love on a very personal level. Generally when an individual gets explicitly included, sex starts to be the principle focal point of the relationship. When there isn't the obligation of lifetime responsibility that marriage brings, it is anything but diff icult to leave the relationship and search for sexual fulfillment somewhere else. love isn't deciphered as a negligible epiphenomenon of sexual drives and impulses in the feeling of a purported sublimation. Love is as essential a wonder as sex. Ordinarily , sex is a method of articulation for adoration. Sex is advocated, even blessed, when, yet just as long as, it is a vehicle of affection. Hence love isn't comprehended as a unimportant symptom of sex; rather sex is a method of communicating the experience of that extreme fellowship which is called love (Frankl, 1959, p. 134)This statement originates from Victor Frankls book Mans Search for Meaning. It clarifies the explanation individuals should hold up until marriage, without referencing pre-marriage sex. The possibility of extreme fellowship ought to be one that is bound with extreme love. In the event that one loves another to such an extraordinary degree, at that point there would be no strain to participate in sexual action. L ove so regularly is by all accounts the motivation to take an interest in sexual acts yet, love ought to do the higher useful for another. Participating in sex before marriage is in certainty not doing the higher useful for another. There is a lot of a passionate and physical connection for it to be the higher acceptable. Love is additionally 100 percent giving; it ought to never be the necessary chore. At the point when the Greeks characterized love, they ordered it into three levels: Eros, Filia, and Agape. Eros is sexual love and furthermore the most minimal degree of affection. Indeed, even to the Greeks Eros was not implied as affection with numerous accomplices. It was implied as a restrictive love. As it ought to be, love should consistently be a select responsibility. At the point when sexuality is shared, there are likewise results. The fundamental results are that the individual will be set hig

Another year has begun

Another year has begun It’s amazing sometimes how much life at MIT can seem removed from the rest of the world. After a summer full of restful night’s sleep, books read purely for pleasure, time to learn a new language, adventures in the mountains of Colorado and even time to be bored, it is nice to get back to my MIT life. My summer started three days after my last final, when I boarded a flight bound for Mexico City, ready to start my summer in Mexico, funded by MISTI. I spent the summer pretending to be a grad student, working on a project that is looking at the vulnerability of the different neighborhoods of Mexico City to climate change. In between exploring a city of 20 million people, trying new foods, pretending I speak Spanish, climbing ancient pyramids, visiting rebel villages, learning about the Jewish history of Mexico City, watching the World Cup and working out with my bodybuilding buddies at the gym next to where I lived, I found time to contribute in what was hopefully a significant way to a really cool and useful project. Frogs for sale at the Central de Abasto Market in Mexico City Teotihuacan After two and a half months living and working in Mexico City, I got to go home for three weeks, the longest consecutive time I have been home since starting MIT (more on the reasons behind that later). My home is Louisville, Colorado, and even though I have lived mere minutes from the mountains almost my entire life, I had never really explored them. I took a road trip with a good friend of mine from high school during which we decided Yellowstone is overrated and the Grand Tetons are breathtaking. I climbed my first fourteeners (mountains higher than 14,000 feet) and explored the trails in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains for the first time in my life. The Grand Tetons Descending Mt. Democrat With all the free time and sleep that the summer holds, I am constantly amazed at how I function at MIT, but I love the life I lead. I am very excited to be back at my 6:30am rowing practices with my team, Engineers without Borders meetings, working, hanging out with my friends, and of course, classes and all that they entail. Being at MIT is like living in a bubble, but it is definitely a bubble I love to be in. The summer provides opportunities to learn how to navigate the “real world”, break some of the stereotypes of MIT (they exist everywhere!), and relax a little before diving back into classwork. I’m looking forward to sharing a bit of my world with all of you.

Another year has begun

Another year has begun It’s amazing sometimes how much life at MIT can seem removed from the rest of the world. After a summer full of restful night’s sleep, books read purely for pleasure, time to learn a new language, adventures in the mountains of Colorado and even time to be bored, it is nice to get back to my MIT life. My summer started three days after my last final, when I boarded a flight bound for Mexico City, ready to start my summer in Mexico, funded by MISTI. I spent the summer pretending to be a grad student, working on a project that is looking at the vulnerability of the different neighborhoods of Mexico City to climate change. In between exploring a city of 20 million people, trying new foods, pretending I speak Spanish, climbing ancient pyramids, visiting rebel villages, learning about the Jewish history of Mexico City, watching the World Cup and working out with my bodybuilding buddies at the gym next to where I lived, I found time to contribute in what was hopefully a significant way to a really cool and useful project. Frogs for sale at the Central de Abasto Market in Mexico City Teotihuacan After two and a half months living and working in Mexico City, I got to go home for three weeks, the longest consecutive time I have been home since starting MIT (more on the reasons behind that later). My home is Louisville, Colorado, and even though I have lived mere minutes from the mountains almost my entire life, I had never really explored them. I took a road trip with a good friend of mine from high school during which we decided Yellowstone is overrated and the Grand Tetons are breathtaking. I climbed my first fourteeners (mountains higher than 14,000 feet) and explored the trails in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains for the first time in my life. The Grand Tetons Descending Mt. Democrat With all the free time and sleep that the summer holds, I am constantly amazed at how I function at MIT, but I love the life I lead. I am very excited to be back at my 6:30am rowing practices with my team, Engineers without Borders meetings, working, hanging out with my friends, and of course, classes and all that they entail. Being at MIT is like living in a bubble, but it is definitely a bubble I love to be in. The summer provides opportunities to learn how to navigate the “real world”, break some of the stereotypes of MIT (they exist everywhere!), and relax a little before diving back into classwork. I’m looking forward to sharing a bit of my world with all of you.

Women Should Stay At Home - 996 Words

In today’s world, we are surrounded by billboards, tv commercials, magazines and newspaper ads. We are always kept up to date with the newest fashions and technology, but what we seem to forget is that we are also surrounded by advertisements promoting or demoting movements such as, abortion, or gay rights. Two extremely memorable advertisements are ones that promote the anti-sexism movement. As a woman and a feminist, these ads really caught my attention and urged me to learn more. Both men and women have endured many conflicts due to sexism; movements such as the UN Women and the #EndAllSexism are some of the proof that people are still fighting and that sexism still exists in today’s society. In the UN Women ad, there is a black haired, white female’s face with the google search engine covering her mouth. Typed in the search engine are two words, â€Å"women should†, correspondingly under are four suggestions for searches: â€Å"women should stay at home†, â€Å"women should be slaves†, â€Å"women should be in the kitchen†, and â€Å"women should not speak in church†. This is where ethos came into play; do I really believe these suggestions popped up on the search engine? So I tested the experiment on Bing’s search engine and after typing â€Å"women should†, the first two suggestions that popped up were: â€Å"women should learn in silence† and â€Å"women should make husband number one priority†. The fact that those phrases popped up on these search engine shows how society dehumanizes women. These termsShow MoreRelated Working Women - Mothers Should Stay Home with Their Children1712 Words   |  7 PagesMothers Should Stay Home with Their Children  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One day a mother and her three and a half-year-old daughter were approaching a daycare center. The girl turned to her mother and asked her this question: Mom, is it against the law for you to stay home? There was another little girl that would never talk whenever her mom took her to the babysitters house. The mother consulted child psychologist Eleanor Wiesberger. She asked her why she thought that the girl wouldnt talk during herRead MoreThe Era for Stay-at-home Dads Essay1640 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿The Era for Stay-at-home Dads For generations, the gender role stereotype within the family has been the same: the father is a deserved pillar of family, and he has responsibility to be a breadwinner by going out to work to make money rather than staying at home as a homemaker. However, over the past few decades, the conventional gender role stereotypes of family has been largely changed to the point that an increasing number of men choose to be stay-at-home dads instead of being bread-earnersRead MoreWhy Are Feminism and Housewife Considered to be Mutually Exclusive Terms?1115 Words   |  5 Pagesgo against the fight for feminism. Does a difference actually exist? Does such a thing as a feminist stay at home mother exist? For my paper I plan to explore where the line is drawn between the two controversies and propose a contemporary middle for the two to meet. The face of feminism needs to reevaluate their stance on the role of the housewife and create a culture in which the stay at home mother is not frowned upon by feminists. In my paper I will examine how feminists through time have examinedRead MoreRequired By Working Parents Stay At Home Parents915 Words   |  4 Pageschild care in workplaces, and should stay at home parents receive a paycheck from the government. Families to improve their living standards, both parent should work. After all, some parents choose to work in order to support their families whiles other are determined to stay home and take care of their families. Some people believe that stay at home parents should get paid by the government. In my opinion, I agree with this argument. Parents who decided to stay home have plenty of household choresRead MoreAre You Hot? And Your Homework At?1645 Words   |  7 Pagesmother. Mothers who stay at home know that at times, their lives can be discombobulating. Despite the chaos, stay-at-home mothers get the tremendous responsibility of only having one chance of raising their children in such a way that makes a difference in their children’s lives and in society. Throughout history, society has looked upon the male as the breadwinner: the one expected to work and support the family. The mother has been viewed as the nurturer: the one to stay home and raise the childrenRead MoreMother Culture Is Good For Young Girls964 Words   |  4 Pagesall our beliefs in check and makes us realize that women can and do have sexual desires despite Orensteins remarks about how women should â€Å"look sexy, but not feel sexual.† Orenstein admire the little girls on Toddler in Tiara, but wonders whether or not teaching these kids so early in age to be a sexual being (i.e.to be a women), will affect their self-image and well being later on. Then there are the earlier articles stating that a mother should be a mother and have no other desire to work or haveRead MoreGender Roles : How They Affect The Family1327 Words   |  6 Pagesalways are the ones who work and women are the ones who stay at home and take care of the house and children. In some famil ies that is not the case; there are some men who are stay at home dads which you do not see very often. This can be a good thing because having the dad stay home and be with the children could help with their relationships. Many times the father is not home much because of their job which can make them be distant from their family. Men and women should share responsibilities whenRead MoreThe Good Mother, The Wise Mother1717 Words   |  7 Pages--Theodore Roosevelt Maternal selflessness provides women with a revered level of moral authority. The ability to completely and fully place another human’s life before her own is unparalleled. Why is it that a figure who is so generously praised among those in a community, is also considered â€Å"doing nothing† when they make a job of making a home for a child and developing his or her capabilities. When women make the selfless decision to stay home, they are in-turn making the difficult decision toRead MoreParsons And Bales : Family Structure And Gender Roles1684 Words   |  7 Pagesinfeasible for the average American household to have family dynamics that rely on gender role specialization. However, Parsons’ and Bales’ ideology has continued today and influenced many household’s ideologies and this has put an unfair amount of work on women in modern day family’s because they have to pick up the second shift in addition to working full time to support a fam ily. Parsons and Bales’ theory of family assumes that industrialization is leading to the prominence of the male-breadwinning familyRead MoreThe Importance of Stay at Home Moms757 Words   |  3 Pagesjob out there† this quote could be a quote that a stay at home mother uses when it comes to caring for her children. â€Å"I feel like I gave up everything to care for my children don’t get me wrong I love them but I feel like I lost myself† this is another quote that could come from a stay at home mother. The quotes mentioned above could be why Wendy Luhabe believes there should a salary for Mommy’s out there. Wendy Luhabe believes that moms should be given a salary for caring for their children.

Food Waste By Tristram Stuart - 1273 Words

Choice Tristram Stuart, a famous English author and campaigner, once said, â€Å"We are wasting our land to grow food that no one eats.† In other words, the author means that we are growing food which is becoming a waste. This is the result of society’s overconsumption. In Karim Chronbog’s presentation â€Å"Food Waste†, he talks about how Americans are wasting so much food that their waste can feed so many hungry people around the world. Chronbog reveals that forty percent of the food is not even eaten. He pointed out feeding those people who die every day hungry. Chronbog focused on the ways trying to save food. He showed us the life style of South Korean people where they eat by thinking about poor people. Their restaurants charge people if they leave food. Similarly this quote perfectly describes the eating style of Americans, â€Å"Why do we have so much, others have nothing.† We consume more because we desire for more not that we need it. We wan t to be equal to others who spend their good amount of money on consumerism. When buying groceries on Sundays we buy so much every time and think that we will store it. But food gets rotten and ends up in garbage. Working in a grocery store, I see every day customers saying that they have bought a lot than they need. Even it happens in my own home, so many things get rotten and I have to throw them. By looking at the concept of consumerism making food waste a problem, I totally agree that consumerism in American culture has madeShow MoreRelatedEvery person in America is guilty of this almost daily in some way or another, and that is wasting1600 Words   |  7 Pagessome way or another, and that is wasting food by either letting it rot in your refrigerator, taking too much at dinner and throwing what is left into the garbage for some varmint to rummage through later, or even in the production process by throwing away a perfectly good potato because it doesn’t meet the size r equirement for processing. In America, it’s something we don’t think about; rather it’s just a habit that causes us to lose money on that wasted food. Something we seem to forget about, howeverRead MoreFood Waste Disposal and Reduction945 Words   |  4 Pagesyear just to dispose of food waste (1). Food waste is food material that is unable to be eaten or sold which is discarded as trash. Food should be too precious to Americans to waste. It nourishes people’s bodies and brings families together, and they treat food as if it has little to no worth. Food is discarded on farms, while being transported and in retail stores before being sold; it is also discarded in everyday households. Americans are their own enemy, increasing food waste everyday by not beingRead MoreEnvironmental Impact of Food Waste984 Words   |  4 PagesEnvironmental impact of food waste Nowadays food waste is one of the most important problems that impacts on environment. Food waste is food loss that is thrown away and could not be used anymore due to the behavior of retailers and consumers. There are a lot of reasons and causes of this problem and it can happen in different stages such as production, processing, retailing and consumption. The statistic says that half of all food worldwide is wasted and it happens in all stages of the food supply chain.Read MoreImpact Of Food Waste On Our Environment1954 Words   |  8 Pagesironic is it that the food we need to sustain our life is now at the source of our demise! Indeed, how is it possible that 40 % of all the food produced globally is still wasted (UNEP). Food waste is defined as the outcome of edible food that is thrown away, lost in production, and uneaten. Still today, more than 880 million people are still living with food insecurities (Josà © Graziano da Silva). The world population is rapidly increasin g as well as its demand for food. Food waste is dreadful, yetRead MoreThe Critical Issues Of Waste Management For A Large Luxury Brand Spa Essay2209 Words   |  9 Pagesdiscusses the critical issues in waste management for a large, luxury brand spa. It explains the need for analysis of a team effort to successfully implement strategies for reducing the carbon footprint. The problem appears to be a lack of communication and resources amongst the management and staff. The importance of waste management can relate directly to revenue in several ways including how supplies are utilized, reusing or selling unused equipment, and decreasing waste to reduce disposal costs. SolutionsRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pages St. Catherine—on behalf of the society. In 1940 he established a Rastafarian commune at Pinnacle with a group of his followers, variously estimated to number between ï ¬ ve hundred and two thousand.44 The commune supported itself by growing local food crops and growing and trading ganja (marijuana). 38 RASTAFARI Howell exercised autocratic leadership over this commune and kept it isolated from the rest of Jamaican society. Although his purpose seems to have been to escape the gaze and

Risk Management Guidelines For Commercial Banks - 18457 Words

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Risk management as commonly perceived does not mean minimizing risk; rather the goal of risk management is to optimize risk -reward trade -off. Notwithstanding the fact that banks are in the business of taking risk, it should be recognized that an institutio n need not engage in business in a manner that unnecessarily imposes risk upon it: nor it should absorb risk that can be transferred to other 1 Introduction ____________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ participants. Rather it should accept those risks that are uniquely part of the array of bank’s services. 1.2.3 In every financial institution, risk management activities broadly take place simultaneously at following different hierarchy levels. a) Strategic level: It encompasses risk management functions performed by senior management and BOD. 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My Name Is Khan free essay sample

Not a day goes by when you havent heard/read/watched news of terror attacks and innocents being killed. We live in turbulent times. Also, the movie states and states very strongly, without mincing words , not all Muslims are terrorists. – The being of the movie starts with a social injustice The death the Sameer forms the crux in the movie when he is murdered on the school soccer field by a group of older white kids due to racial discrimination. When police officer tells Mandiraa that her son was a victim of racial discriination she blames Rizvan for her sons death by stating â€Å"if her son was not muslim he could have been alive. Also Mandira inssteadd of blaming the terrorists group she blames her husband for being a Muslim with the last name â€Å"Khan†. In scenairo, a Muslim religion is seen as a bad religion with people belonging to the religion faces the fate of all forms of racial discrimination and everyone being in the religion are â€Å"terrorists†. We will write a custom essay sample on My Name Is Khan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There is an ample amount of racism in our country today. In the news, at school in our jobs and even neighborhoods. You see it everywhere you go. We all hear people using racist words, even if they arent trying to be racist, it still is. You also see a lot of stereotyping. Our society suffers because of racism in many ways. First we limit our knowledge of other cultures. Instead of being ignorant we could actually learn about another culture first hand through someone of that culture. Also we are limiting our life long experiences with people different from ourselves A dreadful incident has changed the fate of an entire race overnight and has raised awareness of terrorists across the globe. The fall of the world trade center by the terrorists was taken by surprise in America. The American Muslim was seen as â€Å"the others† and treated with guilt because of few people of their religion who were responsible for the incident. They had the freedom to pursue their religion and culture in open world like wearing scarf’s, burka, taqiyah, growing long beards. Most importantly there was no race discrimination form other races at least publicly through terrorists groups like al=Qaeda, etc existed before and there was no sight of hostility, harassment humilation which is shown in the movie before 9/11. There were warm relations of Muslims with other religious groups which are seen during the marriage of Rizvan Khan where attendees were Hindu’s Muslims and Christians enjoying and celebrating the marriage. Terrorism is divided into two main categories domestic and international. Domestic terrorism groups are based and operate entirely within the U. S and Puerto Rico. Such groups operate with direction from a foreign entity or government and target their acts at the us government and or its citizens, a well known example of a domestic terrorists act like the Oklahoma City bombings in April 1995. International terrorism is foreign-based and is directed against the U. S. by countries or groups outside the U. s. Our State is home to over one hundred chemical plants, multiple coal-fired power plants, hundreds of miles of natural gas transmission lines, a port that is the 6th busiest in America in terms of tonnage, miles of coal mines, and a burgeoning coal bed methane gas industry and robust locks and dams systems. West Virginia occupies a critical place in the nations electrical grid. There is a multitude of public and private critical infrastructure in this state that interfaces with the economy, communications, energy and other integral resources that are critical to the continuity of life in the eastern portion of the United States. However, the greatest concern has an impact that reaches far beyond our states borders and has the potential to affect millions of Americans. It is no secret that Washington D. C. nd New York City are at the top of the international terrorist hit list and that todays terrorists are looking at how to inflict the most catastrophic of blows on our nation. Therefore, it is not unreasonable, nor should we overlook the potential of a terrorist chemical, nuclear, biological or radiological attack on our nations capital. Should this occur, it is of great concern to West Virginia, that vast numbers of Americans will evacuate the Baltimore-Washington area in a chaotic uncontrolled exodus. †

You Dont Have To Be a Straight-A Student To Write a Great College Essay

Its a popular notion that college is only for straight-A students, but thats far from true. While grades are an important factor, your college application essays are also an important element that can show admissions counselors that you’re more than just your GPA. Take it from these students at Emerson College, UIUC, Brandeis, NC State, SUNY Binghamton, Rutgers, UC Davis, UCF and Xavier! They may not have been straight-A students, but still wrote moving, successful college essays that caught the attention of admission counselors:Emilyelainet, Class of 2019Emerson College (Boston, MA) The scents and sounds of coffee have always been comfortable constants in my life. My kitchens tiny coffee pot is always overworking itself to fuel my households four busybodies. The local Starbucks is the only comfortable hangout spot in my one-square-mile hometown. Now, for the past year and a half, the busy whirring noises of coffee machines have been mixing with guitar chords, mysterious lyrics, trombone loops, piano improvisation, slam poetry, beat-boxing, and the occasional mandolin at my favorite place in New Jersey: Cool Beans Cafà ©. Read on. Jango88, Class of 2019 University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign (Champaign, IL) I refuse to be underestimated by anyone. Although my classmates perceive excellence as a definitive trait, I argue that it is quite malleable because excellence is shaped progressively. View profile. 876476275760045FB, Class of 2018 Brandeis University (Waltham, MA) Being a student in the 21st century is rough. The cold hard truth is that society has developed in such a way that to be a great student in the eyes of many, one has to get As for grades. We are products of a number or a letter grade that often times do not really reflect our level of comprehension and ability on a particular matter. Looking back on my high school career, I believed in the omnipotent importance of an A for a long time. Continue reading. Tessarose, Class of 2017 North Carolina State University(Raleigh, NC) They called me Mini-Mom. I would wait for my brother and sister at the bus stop each day, carrying their backpacks as they sprinted home. I would then go through the procedure of helping them wash their hands, unpack their backpacks, and begin homework. I would give them treats when one of my siblings achieved a high test grade, and some nights I would make them dinner. I was ten years old. Read on. Anaik8, Class of 2015 SUNY Binghamton (Binghamton, NY) The dark red letter etched into the top left corner of my Algebra test seemed to grow bigger and bigger the more I looked at it. Disbelief and anger ran parallel in my head. Naturally, the first thought that came to my mind was to assume that our teacher had not covered the material well enough. You see, I was that kid who would throw a pitch 5 feet off the plate and say that the umps strike zone was too tight. I would slip and fall and somehow end up blaming the grass. Essentially, I was someone who could easily divert the blame of anything onto something else. It was a trait that I never really realized until later in my life. View profile. Niathuravil, Class of 2020 Rutgers University (New Brunswick, NJ) I was introduced to Model UN in my ninth grade, when I attended my very first environmental conference. I was nervous at the opening ceremony, and listening to the grand speeches made by the chief guests did little to relieve my anxiety. I tried my hardest during the two days of intense debate, supporting relief operations and countering accusations and arguments only to have it all pay off in the immense satisfaction I felt after the conference closed. I felt like I had achieved something tremendous, and had enjoyed it while doing so. Read on. Rogeryang15, Class of 2019UC Davis(Davis, CA) It’s my first day of third grade. I love my life, my family, going to school and doing my homework. I love playing the piano and violin, going to my tennis, soccer, basketball and swimming lessons. I don’t feel the same way about my after school tutoring or Chinese school, but it helps me learn more than my classmates do, and I love staying ahead.Continue reading.Annalisediana, Class of 2019 University of Central Florida (Orlando, FL) â€Å"Effective leadership is not about making speeches or being liked; leadership is defined by results, not attributes.† This quote resonates with my beliefs in leadership in a few ways; I do not believe being liked is necessary, I believe that attributes are interchangeable, and that results are the best definitive measure of an individual’s leadership abilities. Although all of these are important ideals in my opinion, for the purposes of this essay, I will focus on the statement that results are the best measure of a leader’s capability. View profile. Muskies 4 the Win, Class of 2017 Xavier University (Cincinnati, OH) My path to college wasnt always so clear or certain. My high school started with my mom, who had been my best friend throughout grade school, leaving my father and my family for another man, my house being foreclosed on, and my dad constantly having his hours cut back. While I had three older brothers, they were all moved out, living their own lives now, and here I was in the middle of the world as I knew it falling apart and crushing me beneath it. I had always been a happy kid, the one who answered every question, did every assignment, Aced every test, played every sport, always had a smile on his face, and was always trying to help others and make them happy. This all came to an instantaneous, earth-shattering stop going into my sophomore year. Continue reading. Found these college essay intros helpful? Create an account andaccess 60,000+ successfulcollege application filesuploaded by college students (they get paid when you view them). is a community of students helping students. Our goal is to bring much-needed transparency to higher education.

OIverhead projectors Essays

OIverhead projectors Essays OIverhead projectors Essay OIverhead projectors Essay A resource is any learning aid available to supplement teaching strategies. These range from materials such as books, handout, games, worksheets to audio visual aids like videos, overhead projectors, tape recorders and so on. Other useful resources include objects, samples and models- real life items- that can be brought into the classroom to augment teaching. Trips and outside events can be used to introduce students to the real world . However one really important resource is the students themselves. They come to the classroom with range of skills, know-how and different cultures and their knowledge and past experiences provides a great resource for classroom learning. From the large selection of resources available it is crucial to select a variety of interesting and appropriate resources which support the lesson objectives. One must be careful to use different resources that supports all learning styles of students Below I review some of the resources I have used with my entry 3 literacy students who I taught at Westminister Kingsway college last term and my Entry 2 literacy students who I now teach at Harrow College. The entry 2 students are enrolled with MIND and are all to some extent have mental health problems. Worksheets /Handouts Worksheets are inexpensive to produce. They can be adapted and developed to meet the lesson objective. During the job skills topic that I did with my entry 3 students last term I used a number of worksheets from . I scanned OCRed and enlarged text on a number of occasions as sometimes the page was too crowded or the text too small. The handouts could also be adapted to provide a set of differtiated worksheets to meet the needs of different students. I adapted one worksheet to include more spelling and grammar mistakes for the more able students. Handouts are extremely useful as they also provide an aide memoire for students. However, one must guard against overuse and of giving the student too much paper which may confuse them. Another important point to bear in mind is copyright issues if copying material from books and also to ensure that a wide variety of materials is used where different cultures are valued and recognised. In general as Susan Wallace says handouts must be appropriate to the situation, subject matter and student abilities. Wallace S 2001,p100. I have found that students of all learning styles make good use of worksheets although they are more suited kinaesthetic and visual learners, auditory learners benefit from the discussion around the handout. It is a good idea to display information visually with images where appropriate. As Petty says for many purposes visual information is more effective. Research shows that information enters our brain in the following way.87% by eyes 9%by ears and 4% by other senses (Petty G2001 p 315) On some occasions, the students have use the worksheets in groups first discussing and deciding on the correct answers between them before individually filling in the sheets meeting all learning style. Overhead Projector OHP is a useful resource and there was one in the classroom with my entry 3 students which I used on some occasions. The cost of transparencies are reasonable and they can be reused. The OHP also has the advantage that you can face the class whiles using it thus enabling better classroom management and eye contact with the class.  I have used the OHP on a couple of occasions to sum up the main points of a piece of work as in the Ten top tips for filling out application forms . This emphasised, summarised and reinforced the work the students had been doing on filling out forms. It is necessary to test the OHP before the students arrive. On one occasion it took me quite a while and I needed to get some help from a teacher before I could get the OHP to focus properly. Another thing I learnt was to use very large size fonts as on one occasions I recognise the font was a little small for students at the back of the class to focus properly. After that occasion, any overheads I produced I used at least size 20 font and sometimes larger. I also tried not to put too much text on the acetate and to take note if Myself or the project were obscuring the views of some of the students! The OHP can be a safety hazard with trailing flexes as the plugs can be some distance from the OHP itself. It is important to try to make the environment as safe as possible. I also discovered that it is a good idea to make a handout from the overhead as one the occasion when I didnt the students asked for one which I then had photocopied. Another important point I noted with printing onto transparency from the computer was that it was important to get the right setting, the correct acetate and the correct side. It takes a lot of fiddling about at first. Whiteboard This is a significant resource available in all the classroom at Westminister Kingsway whiteboard is used. I used it a lot for brainstorms, writing down key point, spelling etc. It is important to have several whiteboard markers so if one runs out there are more available and to use the correct type of markers. Using coloured pens to highlight grammar or spelling mistakes is also quite a good idea which I have not as yet utilised fully but intend to use this technique more. The difficulties I have found with the whiteboard are trying to write clearly and in a straight line which was a bit difficult to master. I also have to remember not to talk to the board but to face my students and it is a good idea to look over your shoulder now and then to aid classroom management.

Information Technology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Information Technology - Research Paper Example The results of the research showed that information technology is an ever-growing professional field which has increased the demand of IT professionals all over the world. Information technology is one of the most progressive professional fields of the present world. It mainly refers to the use of computer systems and networks for storing, processing, and retrieving data or information required to run different business processes. Earlier, the use of the term ‘Information Technology’ was limited to banks and hospitals where employees needed to store and retrieve information on regular basis to perform different activities. With the increase in the use of information technology in every field of life, the need of information technology professionals also rose at a great pace. Today, one can observe that almost every university of the world offers different course related to information technology and more and more people are getting admission in those courses to become information technology experts. Basic education for all IT professionals is almost same, which is graduation in computer sciences. However, specialization courses may differ for each field of study. People who want to establish their careers in computer programming usually do Bachelors in Computer Sciences as this course contains all necessary subjects related to computer programming. On the other hand, people who want to become software engineers usually do Bachelors in Software Engineering which contain all subjects related to system engineering,

Feminist geographies . The intellectual and political significance Essay

Feminist geographies . The intellectual and political significance - Essay Example It was coined by the French philosopher Charles Fourier. It spread to Great Britain and America by the year, 1910 (HAAN, DASKALOVA And LOUTFI, 2006). Feminist Geography or Feminist theory is the expansion of the study of feminism into a wide horizon of issues and experiences that women encounter. It covers the realms of both philosophical and theoretical aspects of female rights and place. It is primarily aimed to fathom the fabric of gender inequality and its causes and effects on human nature and society; it investigates women’s experiences, social roles, interests, and studies and develops theories on feminist politics in fields such as sociology, philosophy, economics, anthropology, education, psychoanalysis, literary, communication. In addition, feminist theory expounds on female welfare, promotion of women’s interests and gender inequality. Research on Feminist theory revolves around two key points: 1, the research should analyze and expound on the state of women in society; 2, the research should be a derivative of the assumption that women are generally considered subordinates to men. However, it abstains from being excessively political and negates research that is conducted to only achieve gender equality. The fields of interest for researches on feminist theory are sexual objectification, patriarchy, art history, oppression, stereotyping, contemporary art and discrimination (KOLMAR And BARTKOWSKI, 2005). Feminist theory in the past has gone through many changes; from being a movement that just aimed at consolidating and establishing women as a universal entity, to being more motivated towards individuality, diversity and social differentiation. Modern-day feminism has assumed the role of promoting the following issues faced by women: equality in property law, voting rights and rights to run for office, equality in contract law, reproductive rights, this includes open access to contraceptives and abortion, physical integrity, equal pay f or women, articulation of for protection of women from domestic violence, sexual assault and sexual harassment. This has led to the advocacy for workplace rights, such as maternity leave. However, feminist theory has also concluded that for female rights and feminism to succeed, men should also be liberated and that men also suffer from gender inequality (HANNAM, 2007). The popularity and rise of feminism has produced different forms of political movements which have branched into a larger part of society, such as conservatism and liberalism, and some interlink feminism with environment. Liberal feminism aims to achieve individuality and equality of women and men through legal and political reforms without morphing the framework of culture and society. Radical feminism aims at extremes; it deems the notion and practice of male dominance on women through capitalist rule as the primary reason behind oppression on women, this leads to the advocacy of total conversion of society and imp lementation of rules that change the total outlook of society according to the manner that women desire. Furthermore, Conservative feminism only aims to achieve the basic human rights for women and stipulates that women should be conservative against men according to the society in which they live. Libertarian feminism believes that people are self-owners and thus entitled to govern themselves according to their wishes, in reference to women, and that

Pharmacists Role in Complementary Alternative Medicines

Pharmacists Role in Complementary Alternative Medicines Pharmacists Role in Complementary Alternative Medicines The first section of this paper will provide background information on the use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) and their associated risks and benefits. Additionally, information on the pharmacists’ role in CAMs and services in their pharmacies will be discussed. Next, the theory that potential ethical conflicts arise for pharmacists between keeping the health and wellbeing of clients and the community as their primary concern versus the prospect of turning a profit will be considered. Before concluding, other important ethical issues including duty of care, and liability will be discussed. Background The term CAM refers to any healing practise that doesn’t fall under the heading of conventional medicine. It encompasses not just pharmaceutical preparations, but diet, and traditional forms of health care including acupuncture, Chinese medicine, homeopathy, etc.1 In the past, people who sold CAMs were sometimes referred to as quacks, or someone who promotes unsupported methods that lack scientifically credible rational.2 CAMs were regarded as old wives tails, and their claims dismissed by the medical community.3   More recently CAMs have become a prominent feature in today’s health care regimens. In 2000 according to the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) 52 percent of Australians were using at least one non-prescribed complementary medicine.4 The Therapeutic Goods Act of 1989 effectively legitimised CAMs by allowing them to be entered into the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods (ARTG) as a listed medicine. They have to meet a lesser set of standards than conventional medicines, which is one of the major concerns of allopathic practioners.5 With the passing of this act, pharmacies could legitimately sell two types of products; medicines for which there is scientific evidence   (prescription and over the counter products) and unproven medications (some CAMs) that may lack efficacy.   There are many risks associated with using CAMS including direct risks, substitutions made, nonprofessional advice received, and unreliable diagnostic tests.6 In some cases, CAMs have caused serious harm. The adverse effects range from infection due to dirty acupuncture needles, altering the effectiveness of other pharmacologically proven agents, to death from chiropractic manipulation. Substitutions pose a great risk for serious conditions. Replacing conventional treatments with CAMs can lead to many adverse effects. For example, treating melanoma with a herbal ointment rather than surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy can have disastrous consequences. Some patients, especially those with life threatening illnesses, will try anything to improve their symptoms. Some CAM practitioners take advantage of this and recommend treatments that are very costly and at the expense of other proven treatments. Unproven tests include, but aren’t limited to, reflexology and electro-dermal t esting.6 The danger in this type of testing is the high likelihood of misdiagnosis.   Despite the large body of evidence in the scientific community of the poor efficacy of CAMs, there is some evidence for their use as seen in cranberry for urinary tract infections St. John’s Wart for depression and a variety of others.7 In 1993 Australians spent an estimated 1 billion dollars on CAMs and by 2000 that number had risen to 2.3 billion.8   Shockingly, only 57 percent of Australians reported or discussed the use of these products to their doctors.9 The potential dangers outlined above and these statistics show the need for a pharmacists intervention. Pharmacist’s Role Pharmacists are a vital part of the allopathic health care team, often being the first port of call for patients requesting CAMs.10   The community pharmacy is an ideal environment to deliver quality, cost effective, and professional services to the general public. Patient’s safety and access to this high quality care is of paramount importance.11 Pharmacists counsel life style choices, recommend an appropriate non-prescription medication, or refer patient’s to a physician to improve outcomes.12      When responding to enquiries about CAMs pharmacists need to consider a variety of issues. The customers’ cultural and social beliefs and desire to take control of their own treatment should be viewed non-judgementally. Pharmacists need to stay up to date, and be aware of evidence to support the use of different products. Information about CAMs should be provided on an evidence-based level so the most accurate information is delivered to the patient. Pharmacist s also need to be aware of potential interactions with conventional products, and report adverse drug reactions to both the Adverse Drug Reaction’s Committee and the product’s sponsor.7 Furthermore, pharmacists must remind patients that CAMs are medications and should be openly discussed so potential interactions and side effects can be identified. Ethics and profit In a 2005 study of 484 community pharmacists in New South Wales 77% of respondents personally used CAMs and said that they offered CAM products for sale in their pharmacies. A majority of the pharmacists believed CAMs enhanced customers’ image of the pharmacy and 87% reported they increased customer numbers and annual sales.13 From these results it is evident that a potential conflict between promoting and selling CAMs and ethics could arise. Pharmacists are intrinsically placed in an ethical dilemma daily. They have dual roles as health care providers and businesspeople. As health care professionals they are expected to provide a high level of unbiased health care, while their business side is expected to sell products and generate a profit. Professional and business roles are generally believed to be in conflict with each other and roles are traditionally viewed as being exclusive. According to Chappell et al community pharmacists are one of the few occupations where professional and business values co-exist.   They found no correlation between the value placed on business and the level of care or â€Å"professionalism† displayed by the pharmacists. This suggests pharmacists are able to act dually as a salesperson but still deliver professional information.14 The degree of professionalism has been called into question by Kennedy et al. They demonstrated that in some cases pharmacists, especially proprietors, sometimes recommend more expensive products when a cheaper generic version is available, but the overall outcome was satisfactory. All pharmacists recommended an appropriate treatment for the condition but the product selected differed among owners and employee pharmacists. Although the patient received a high level of care, the fact that he or she had a cheaper option calls the level of professionalism into question.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Further evidence for professionalism is seen in a study by Perepelkin et al. where they found pharmacists, regardless of their ownership structure, are professionally oriented in their practise. The difference in services provided was only seen in terms of professional autonomy, decision-making and amount of control. There was no difference in the amount of profit-driven goals between the groups.16 Similarly, in a recent study, Kronus found that pharmacists, regardless of their role orientations (business versus professional), were similarly motivated by service and income values. She suggested that the theoretical model suggesting that business is based on extrinsic values and professionalism is based on altruistic values should be revised when talking about pharmacy. She found altruism (professionalism) was the dominant factor in the field of pharmacy. Since most pharmacists are salaried employees there is little pressure to increase profit by pushing CAMs with no supporting evidence. It would be very easy to jump to the conclusion that the need to make a profit would in some way have a negative effect on pharmacy owners or employed pharmacists (reward systems) to act as independent ethical health care providers when CAMs are viewed as huge profit generators.17 Wingfield et al suggest that ‘ethics is so integrated and intrinsic to daily practise that there is no need to single ethical issues for special attention,’ as demonstrated by a lack of a journal dedicated to pharmacy ethics (there are ethical journals for medicine and nursing). Rather the ethical behaviour of the pharmacist is displayed in all aspects of daily practise culling the drive for profits.18 In Australia the behaviour of pharmacists is guided by the Pharmaceutical Society of Australia’s Code of Professional Conduct (PSACPC).7 Pharmacists sell CAMs in pharmacies that does give credibility to CAMs and to some extent promote their usage.   Also, pharmacists are in a unique position to influence the sale of certain products. For example, CAMs are used by 60 to 80% of oncology patients. According to the British Columbia Cancer Society the psychosocial needs of patients including ‘increased anxiety, need for information, maintenance of a sense of hope, a sense of control, negative experience with conventional medicine, and perceived holistic nature of complementary medicine,’ is the reason for the high percent of people using the medicine and not the availability of the product in pharmacies.19 Pharmacists don’t need to promote these products as psychosocial needs are very powerful and patients are clamouring for these medications in increasing numbers. Although the pharmacy is a business, business objectives wouldn’t necessarily suffer, as knowledgeable and honest patient counselli ng plays an important role in customer satisfaction and thus profitability. An unsatisfied customer would certainly seek another pharmacy.20 These satisfied customers will keep coming back to the pharmacy not just for CAMs but for prescription and personal products as well. This is a win-win situation for both the customer and the pharmacist who now has the opportunity to play an active role in the health of the patient as well as make a decent living. It is the pharmacist who provides the factual advice for patients who seek out these products. Through professionalism this temptation to take advantage of this behaviour is easily removed. Pharmacists develop close relationships with their customers by taking time to talk about medications. Professional orientation happens because patient counselling of all medications including CAMs is at the cornerstone of ethical pharmacy practice and high quality care. As previously stated, the pharmacist’s role in counselling in the use o f CAMs is the most effective in ensuring the health and safety of patients.   When counselling patients, pharmacists follow the PSACPC. By following the PSACPC pharmacists remain in the scope of their practice, are covered for malpractice liability for negligent care and for informed consent issues, and foremost, ensure the health and well-being of clients and the Australian community. Under the 9 key principles of PSACPC, counselling advice for CAM usage is about adhering to the principles of evidence based medicine and critically examining and honestly informing patients of unproven medications and therapies. Pharmacists must also respect the beliefs and judgements of patients and other health professionals while regarding the patient’s autonomy to make decisions regarding their own treatment but at the same time offering guidance and advice based on evidence-based information.21  Ã‚   Thus, when a pharmacist gives advice on the use of Cams based on PSACPC guidelines after considering clinical and patient factors there may be commercial benefits but they do not necessarily compromise the quality of the recommendations. In pharmacy, ethics and profit can and do exist without conflict in the sale of all products.   Duty of care regarding informed consent As outlined above a majority number of Australians are using and want to use CAMs. It is therefore the duty of pharmacists to discuss these treatments with their patients.22 A study in the US found almost three-quarters of the pharmacists surveyed worked in stores where herbal medicines were sold.23 Almost half of the pharmacists agreed with the statement, ‘herbal medicines are not accepted by the majority of my colleagues’ and only a quarter agreed with the statement ‘herbs are efficacious’.24 25 It can be seen that most pharmacists don’t believe in the products so recommending them is difficult. But, they have an ethical obligation to adhere to the PSACPC and respect the autonomy and dignity of the patient to make informed decisions.21 Once the pharmacist has disclosed and openly discussed the different treatment options his or her ethical obligation has been fulfilled. In the United States this is taken one step further.   It is a legal obligatio n for practioners to disclose information for CAMs if they are generally accepted within the medical community. Failure to do so can result in legal action.26 Liability in referring to CAMs Liability issues are new territory for pharmacists recommending CAMs to patients. Homeopathy, for example, is completely contradictory to the principles of modern pharmacology. The incompatibility of homeopathic paradigms with all of basic science must be taken into consideration.22   Keeping in line with the PSACPC, pharmacists cannot ethically recommend a product or service to which they know there is no evidence to support its use, and is not in the best interest in the health and well being of the patient or community. In Canada, The Pharmacy Code of Ethics requires pharmacists to never knowingly provide any products which are not good quality.27   In the United States medical practitioners can be held liable for referring patients to a CAM practitioner if they â€Å"should have known† the CAM practitioner might be â€Å"incompetent†. This shows that medical professionals are not just ethically but legally responsible for protecting patients from inferior medical treatments.28 CAM practitioners argue that their treatments are holistic and some of the therapeutic benefits are unmeasurable. Because western medicine supports evidence based on quantifiable outcomes the two doctrines of practise often clash. It is very difficult to compare the s piritual healing power of CAMs to the physical healing of western medicine.28 As long as the CAM treatment is not interfering with a patient’s level of care, there is no reason to discredit a potential treatment that may make a patient ‘feel’ better. An honest answer to the efficacy of a specific CAM and reporting that some people say it makes them feel better is the best course of action.     Further compounding the issue is the training level of the CAM providers. Most are not ‘health care professionals’ and have inadequate understating of biology, pharmacology, patho-physiology, and other sciences that govern western medicine. Since pharmacists cannot ethically refer a patient for a treatment that they believe may affect their health or wellbeing the ethical dilemma of whether to recommend this option is exacerbated. Although, a recent Canadian study reported only 2% of pharmacists felt they had adequate information about complementary and alternative health care, they are still better suited than CAMs to provide information on the prodcuts.10 A pharmacists guidance is based on principles 1 and 8 of the (PSACPC), advising patient of the scientific evidence available while still respecting their autonomy.28 Where CAM providers have no such code of ethics. Conclusion This paper examined the background issues associated with complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) and the associated risks and benefits that go along with them. Additionally, the pharmacists’ role in providing CAMs was discussed. The many ethical issues, including profit, although seemingly complex can and should be negotiated using the PSACPC guidelines. The introduction and sale of CAMs have not changed the pharmacist’s code of ethics where the patient’s well-being and health remains the focus. As CAMs are becoming more popular and accepted by the public, pharmacists need to have a high level of understanding of the many issues associated with them. The ethical issues pharmacists face daily are apparently being handled appropriately according the literature cited, and based on the public’s perception of pharmacists being one of the most trusted health professionals.

Nature Versus Nurture: Both Play a Role in Development Essay -- child

Nature versus nurture is a commonly debated topic in the scientific world. For example were all child molesters abused as children themselves or are their genes or other factors to blame for their bad decisions? Genes seem to determine much about children, such as eye color and height, but do they also determine behavior and overall health, or is the environment the children were raised in to blame? For example, when a child is misbehaving, is it the parents responsibility to take the blame for their offspring's behavior due to how they have chosen to raise their son or daughter, or is the child's genetic makeup to blame for their faults? Can a child's environment override the genes a child is born with? Mischievous children's genes and environment are both to blame for their actions. Just because a child sees his or her parents invest their time in drugs or alcohol does not make the child themselves end up in the same situation proving that environment is not the only determining factor in a child's behavior. Genetics play an important role as well. The environment a child is ...

Investment and Market Risk Premium

Cost of Capital at Ameritrade Day 1 1. What factors should Ameritrade management consider when evaluating the proposed advertising program and technology upgrades? Why? -They should see how revenues have changed after adopting the new ad program and technology upgrades -They need to see ROI for their investments over time 2. How can the Capital Asset Pricing Model be used to estimate the cost of capital (required return) for calculating the net present value of a project's cash flows? it will help us determine the Cost of capital or discount rate which we can use to calculate NPV, in other terms the numerator will never change (FCF), only the denominator will based on the cost of capital3. What is the estimate of the risk-free rate that should be employed in calculating the cost of capiual for Ameritrade's proposed investment? – the risk free rate should be the T-bills rate or the average annualized total annual returns on US government securities = 3. %. In my opinion, we sho uld use the risk-free rate equal to yield of 20-year US government securities, because it is long-term capital investment. We may use 30-year rate, but we are investing in technology, and concerning the speed of technological enhancements, 20-year rate is optimal. So it is 6,69% 4. What is the estimate of the market risk premium that should be employed in calculating the cost of capital for Ameritrade's proposed investment? Market Risk PremiumThree distinct concepts are part of market risk premium: 1) Required market risk premium: the return of a portfolio over the risk-free rate (such as that of treasury bonds ) required by an investor; 2) Historical market risk premium: the historical differential return of the market over treasury bonds; and 3) Expected market risk premium: the expected differential return of the market over treasury bonds. Also called equity premium, market premium and risk premium.Market Risk Premium = Expected Return of the Market – Risk-Free Rate The e xpected return of the market can be based on the S;P 500, for example, while the risk-free rate is often based on the current returns of treasury bonds. First to find the Expected Return of the market, from Exhibit 6, We take the aggregate stock market and multiply by 12: = 15. 71% The Risk-free rate is 3. 8% =;gt; The market risk premium= 15. 7 – 3. 8 = 11. 9% (That is why we may use the difference between US Government Securities rate (6,69%)and historical Large Company Stocks annual returns.But we have 2 numbers: during1950-96 and 1929-96. The difference between them is 1,3%. I think that we should useâ€Å" younger† value of 14%, because the years 1930-1949, of course, were under market economy, but at the same time there were not so stable laws, a Second World War passed, many companies at that time worked for government orders, so this number may be a bit out of overall tendencies. ) 5. In principle, how would one go about determining beta for purposes of calcula ting the cost of capital for Ameritrade's proposed investment?TO calculate Beta for cost of capital, or asset beta: We need to find first the Equity Beta = by regressing stock returns over market returns and it will then be the slope. We also need to calculate the market value of the equity of the firm which is the price per share multiplied by the total number of shares outstanding (see attached notes) A cost of capital is a weighted average of the cost of debt and equity. Likewise, the asset beta is the weighted average betas of debt and equity. We use market value proportions of debt and equity (see CAPM, p. 476). Ba = (D/D+E)BetaD+ (E/D+E)BetaEIt is common to assume that debt has no relationship to market risk; that BetaD=0 Empirical studies of corporate debt returns suggest it would be better to assign some market-related risk to corporate debt; and use estimates ranging from 0. 20 to 0. 30. To get BetaE, the equity beta for Ameritrade, we would normally run a regression of equ ity returns on stock market returns. That is, we would estimate the slope of the line that best fits: Unfortunately, Ameritrade had their IPO (Initial Purchase Offer) in March of 1997, so there is not enough data at the time of the case to calculate a reliable beta estimate.So instead, we will look at comparable firms. Firms in the same industry pursuing the same types of projects will have the same sorts of risks, thus their asset betas will be approximately the same. The returns we calculate for these firms, based on stock price movement, dividends, and stock splits, are their equity betas. These are influenced by the degree of leverage each company is using (recall that higher leverage leads to higher ROE, EPS and DPS, but also leads to greater variability in earnings).Knowing the amount of debt in their capital structures (at market values), we can calculate the asset beta for each comparable firm. Then we will average these to use as a proxy for Ameritrade’s asset beta N ote: An agent that mediates sales and exchanges between securities buyers and sellers at even lower commission rates than those offered by a regular discount broker . As one might expect, deep discount brokers also provide fewer services to clients than standard brokers; such brokers typically provide little more than the fulfillment of stock and option trades, charging a flat fee for each.The problem that must be overcome in determining the implementation decision is the uncertainty of the cost of capital. Other Methods of Estimating Cost of Equity Capital: †¢The EP Method r = EPS / Stock Price †¢The Constant Growth (Gordon) Model r = DIV1 / P 0 + g compute g from earnings, dividend, or cash flow growth or use the sustainable growth estimate ? Equity Betas, the relationship of a given equity’s risk to that of the larger market, reflects two kinds of risk –The risk of the business itself –The risk that the debt a business has will prevent cash flow to equity ?We can de-lever these equity betas to strip out financial risk associated with leverage and find the implied beta for the business itself (asset beta) –Asset beta measures the business risk only and does not change with capital structure ? Often, the best way to estimate a forward looking asset beta for a company is to take a median of its industry peers asset betas (historically calculated) since one-time company events in the past will be averaged out ? We can then find the equity beta for the company by re-levering the industry asset beta to the target debt / cap ratio of the company ?Exhibit 4 provides various choices of comparable firms. Which firms do you recommend as the appropriate benchmarks for evaluating the risk of Ameritrade’s planned advertising and technology investments? Determine the betas for these firms. Let us agree that Charles Schwab is a comparable firm. Their price changes, dividends,and stock split information for 1992-1996 is in Exhibi t 5. If there were no stock split, thereturn, compared to the previous period, is given by: For example, if the price the previous period was $100, then wentup to $104, and in addition had a dividend of $8, the return would be +0. 12, or 12%.In ashort time period, the returns will be much closer to 0. If there is an X for y stock split, use the formula: Copy the Return values into Exhibit 6 alongside the appropriate dates, then regress theSchwab returns against the value-weighted NYSE returns for the same period. The slopeof the line is the equity beta. Do this for the other comparable firms. Calculate the asset betas using the formula inquestion 5 (twice, once with Beta D = 0 and once with 25. 0). Average the results. This should be a good estimate of Ameritrade’s asset beta. Finally, put these results back into the equation in #2 to estimate Ameritrade’s cost of capital

Comparing Tekakwitha s Biographers Paint A Completely...

Tekakwitha’s biographers paint her in a completely pious life. She maintained perpetual virginity, renounced any intention of marrying, was adept at acts of self-immolation when repenting, and above all was a quiet and â€Å"behind-the-scenes† kind of woman. â€Å"As a child, the Jesuits relate, Catherine was shy, retiring, and good-natured [†¦] [and this] led her to shun social gatherings† (Greer 32). Apparently, a degree of social introversion and slightly abnormal behaviour are important criterion for an individual who is being evaluated for canonization. It is no doubt that Chauchetià ¨re and Cholenec see Catherine as fitting enough to analyze for this position of possible sainthood, but they actually do a disservice by not being completely accurate. In reality, according to Greer, Catherine was much more involved in her Mohawk community. This is an aspect where Greer’s account shines. He argues that the idea of Tekakwitha having the behaviour of an outcast seems â€Å"implausible† due to conflicting reports from many other Europeans (32). Women in the Mohawk community were â€Å"regard[ed] as the principal support of their families† but Greer goes on to explain that in earlier accounts, the Jesuits only mention Tekakwitha’s female relatives in passing, which is essentially problematic when historical accuracy is of such importance in hagiography (32-33). The recurring theme of paganism does to some extent explain why Chauchetià ¨re and Cholenec had to slightly alter their written accounts of